Some people have a gender which is neither male nor female and may identify as both male and

female at one time, as different genders at different times, as no gender at all, or dispute the very

idea of only two genders. The umbrella terms for such genders are ‘genderqueer’ or ‘non-binary’

genders. Such gender identities outside of the binary of female and male are increasingly being

recognized in legal, medical and psychological systems and diagnostic classifications in line with

the emerging presence and advocacy of these groups of people. Population-based studies show a

small percentage – but a sizable proportion in terms of raw numbers – of people who identify as

non-binary. While such genders have been extant historically and globally, they remain

marginalized, and as such – while not being disorders or pathological in themselves – people

with such genders remain at risk of victimization and of minority or marginalization stress as a

result of discrimination. This paper therefore reviews the limited literature on this field and

considers ways in which (mental) health professionals may assist the people with genderqueer and

non-binary gender identities and/or expressions they may see in their practice. Treatment options

and associated risks are discussed.